Distillation Technology
By using the difference in the volatility of the components in the liquid
mixture, the liquid mixture is partially vaporized and the vapor is partially
condensed, so as to achieve the separation of the components it contains. It is
a unit operation that belongs to mass transfer separation. Widely used in oil
refining, chemical, light industry and other fields.
Distillation Technology
The principle is based on the separation of a two-component mixture. The
material liquid is heated to make it partially vaporized, and the volatile
components are concentrated in the vapor, and the non-volatile components are
also concentrated in the remaining liquid, which achieves the separation of the
two components to a certain extent. The greater the difference in volatility of
the two components, the greater the degree of enrichment described above. In
industrial distillation equipment, a partially vaporized liquid phase is brought
into direct contact with a partially condensed gas phase for vapor-liquid
interstitial mass transfer. As a result, the non-volatile components in the gas
phase are partially transferred to the liquid phase, and The volatile components
are partially transferred to the gas phase, that is, partial vaporization of the
liquid phase and partial condensation of the vapor phase are achieved at the
same time.
Distillation principle and operation process
Simple distillation is a batch operation process. The feed liquid is added to
a distillation kettle, and the liquid is heated and boiled under constant
pressure to continuously vaporize the liquid. The steam generated one after the
other is cold-leached and used as the top product, where the volatile components
are relatively enriched. During the distillation process, the volatile matter
concentration of the liquid in the kettle continuously decreased, and the
volatile matter concentration in the steam also decreased accordingly.
To achieve high-purity separation, rectification can be used. Distillation is
the most commonly used distillation method. One part is returned to the top of
the column, which is called reflux liquid, and the rest is continuously
discharged as the top product (distillate). In the upper part of the tower
(above the feeding position), the countercurrent contact and the material and
energy transfer are performed between the rising steam and the reflux liquid.
The bottom of the column is equipped with a reboiler (distillation kettle) to
heat the liquid to produce steam. The steam rises along the tower, contacts the
falling liquid countercurrently and conducts material energy transfer, and the
bottom of the tower continuously discharges part of the liquid as the bottom
product. The rising steam is partially condensed many times, and the temperature
gradually decreases. The concentration of volatile component A gradually
increases. The falling liquid is partially gasified many times. The temperature
gradually increases, and the concentration of non-volatile component B gradually
increases. The concentration gradually decreases, the temperature distribution
in the tower gradually decreases from the bottom to the top, and the
concentration of the A component gradually increases from the bottom to the top.
In the rectification section, the lower part of the column has completed the
concentration of the heavy components in the descending liquid, that is, the
light component is proposed, so it is called the stripping section. In such a
column, a two-component mixture can be continuously separated High purity light
and heavy two components. It can be seen that the difference between
rectification and distillation lies in 'reflux.' Reflux is a necessary condition
for gas and liquid contact mass transfer.
Our company also has Distillation Plants for sale, welcome to consult.
